His statue stands outside it today. Born in 1794 to a Dutch immigrant family, Cornelius Vanderbilt left school at 11 to work on his fathers ferry in New York Harbour. She used part of the money to purchase a 47 room mansion in Massachusetts situated on 316 acres. Though Alfred Vanderbilt enjoyed both the life and the reputation of a millionaire playboy, he had wide-ranging artistic interests, initially acquired through his mother's circle of artistic and theatrical friends; his own intimate friends included George Abbott, Hal Prince and Fred Astaire. His mother, Margaret Emerson, came from Bromo-Seltzer wealth, and his father, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, died after giving his life jacket to a woman on the Lusitania when the ship was sunk by German U-boats in the Atlantic in 1915. Divorce was called the Vanderbilt curse.. Vanderbilt spent considerable time in London after the divorce,[17] and remarried there, on December 17, 1911,[18][19] to the wealthy American divorce Margaret Mary Emerson (18861960). In physical terms, theres Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, endowed with $1 million by the Commodore in 1873, and regarded by many as the greatest single legacy of the family. Mme. As the various Vanderbilts went about their business, spending the vast fortune accumulated by the Commodore and his eldest son, few of them paid close attention to the sources of that fortune. My friend said that Dress must be worth mucho money; over 100 years old is the story and the dress. he reflected as tracks began to lose significant attendance in the 1990's. The policemen held back the crowds massed outside the Vanderbilts newly-built residence, Petit Chateau on Fifth Avenue, as carriages deposited 1200 guests for a party that The New York World newspaper declared was An Event Never Equalled in the Social Annals of the Metropolis. The great country estates such as the Biltmore and Woodlea were converted to other uses, a museum and tourist attraction in the case of the former and a country club in the latter. And 12 years later she weaponised her beautiful, 18-year-old daughter, Consuelo, forcing her to marry the 9th Duke of Marlborough, first cousin of Winston Churchill. Birth. Vanderbilt started working as an associate at Carl Byoir & Associations in New York City in 1981 and worked at other firms including Hill and Knowlton, Inc. In the six decades in between, Mr. Vanderbilt made a landmark impact on horse racing. Copyright 2012-2023 The Gentleman's Journal. But when the money goes, the first thing that'll go with it is horse racing.''. Upon the death of the Commodore, Frederick received $2 million dollars from his estate. Currently known as. When he came to New York in 1940 as president of Belmont, he promptly gave priority to installing the new parimutuel system, which replaced bookmakers at tracks the following spring. Manhattan, New York County (Manhattan), New York, USA. Already the richest family in the world, this was ostensibly a house-warming party. Here are our sources: Fortunes Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt, by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, 1989, The Vanderbilt Women: Dynasty of Wealth, Glamour, and Tragedy, by Clarice Stasz, 2000, The Vanderbilts, by Jerry E. Patterson, 1989, Biltmore Estate, by Ellen Erwin Rickman, 2005, Queen of Golden Age: The Fabulous Story of Grace Wilson Vanderbilt, by Cornelius Vanderbilt, 1956, Alva Vanderbilt: All Gilt, No Guilt, by SHEILA GIBSON STOODLEY, Boston Common, April 25, 2011, The Vanderbilts: How American Royalty Lost Their Crown Jewels, by Natalie Robehmed, Forbes Magazine, June 14, 2014, Torpedoed! He died on the RMS Lusitania. Vanderbilts horses were highly successful in France, and he became a noted breeder and racing magnate. People were shocked by it, adds McGerr. Spotted an error? Socialite Grace Wilson Vanderbilt spent Vanderbilt money with enthusiasm and aplomb. Vanderbilt lamented that his wealth brought him no happiness and instead led to much worry, distrust of friends, bickering within the family, and ultimately to his own poor health. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy. A memorial was erected on the A24 London to Worthing Road in Holmwood, just south of Dorking. In 1946, when he was 32, he married Jeanne Murray of Southampton. Oakland Farm Closed Mr. Vanderbilt Will Spend Summer in London, Driving the Coach Venture Between That City and Brighton", "Vanderbilt to Defend Suit; Details of Wife's Complaint In Divorce Action Kept Secret. Wikimedia. He was succeeded by Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt, another equestrian, who died in his forties from liver failure caused by alcohol abuse. The son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II, Neily, as he was called by friends and family, earned the ire of his parents by eloping with Grace Wilson, a New York socialite whose two sisters had married into London society. Even at 80, tall and richly groomed, he remained the very model of the racing blueblood. Vanderbilt had promised the young mother of a small baby that he would locate an extra lifevest for her. New Yorks Grand Central Station in 1893, when the railroads were at their peak. But the Vanderbilt train hadnt hit the buffers yet. And in 1957, at 44, he married Jean Harvey, heiress to the Harvey restaurant chain and Cudahy meat-packing empire. When asked for comment, a representative for the Preservation Society, wrote, "The statement that I sent to you is a Joint Statement by the Szaparys and the Preservation Society. [24][25] Together, Alfred and Margaret had two children: Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. (19121999),[26] businessman and racehorse breeder,[27] and George Washington Vanderbilt III (19141961), yachtsman and a scientific explorer. For his son, see. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt was among the last of his generation of Vanderbilts -- great-great-grandchildren of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877), who founded the Vanderbilt fortune with investments in real estate and transportation and whose descendants have had a large influence on American society ever since. [29] The claim for his estate was put forward by Margaret, who by that point was already remarried. [15][16] Elsie, who remarried, died in Newport on February 27, 1948. It was the largest private residence ever built in Manhattan. Mr. Vanderbilt was the legendary link to the days when racing was a way of life. "You have [a matter of] months to remove 120 years worth of your family's material out of 20+ rooms," she wrote on Facebook. It became his way of life when he turned 21 and his mother gave him the 600-acre Sagamore farm in Maryland as a gift. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. net worth is. After his divorce from Alva (he was unfaithful and it cost him a $10 million settlement) he built a chateau in France, and three thoroughbred horse racing tracks nearby in 1907. [30], By the terms of his will, Margaret and his three sons would inherit $1,180,098.18. A myth that he was one of the scheduled passengers on Titanic three years earlier was disproven, it was George Washington Vanderbilt who was scheduled to make that fateful voyage before canceling his plans. Today the site is a country club. He again became president of Pimlico in 1938 and promptly brought together Seabiscuit and War Admiral for the inaugural running of the Pimlico Special. He established the custom of being generous to the children of his employees, in true lord of the manor fashion, bestowing gifts at Christmas and birthdays, and holding celebrations for their benefit. Select from premium Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt of the highest quality. Yachts, including steam yachts, race horses, racing cars, luxury cars, expensive furnishings, and dozens of other luxuries enjoyed by the Commodores descendants and their spouses quickly demolished the fortune. A memorial fountain to Vanderbilt is in Vanderbilt Park on Broadway in Newport, Rhode Island, where many members of the Vanderbilt family spent their summers. Father: Alfred Gwynne VANDERBILT b: 20 OCT 1877 in New York City, NY Mother: Margaret EMERSON b: 1884. It's like the person who goes to the circus and falls in love with the whole show, not just the elephants.''. But Adams and others say it doesn't belong on the grounds of the National Historic Landmark. Marble House, which belonged to Alva, became a host for feminist rallies held by Alva in the early twentieth century, and Alva added a Chinese Tea House in which to address leaders of the womens suffrage and temperance movements. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt died in the sinking of RMS Lusitania in 1915. NEWPORT Concerned residents have formed a committee to restore the bronze sculpted memorial to Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr., who died in the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, and to move it to a more visible location. In 2010, Vanderbilt created the Vanderbilt Cemetery Association to preserve the Vanderbilt family mausoleum and cemetery at the Moravian Cemetery in New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. A year ago, the Rhode Island Supreme Court Supreme Court let stand a lower court ruling denying a challenge to the center that would prevent its construction, and last May the Preservation Society broke ground on the building, which will include indoor ticketing and food services. Her estate was just over $5 million, less than half of the fortune she had inherited from the Vanderbilt wealth from her father, William Vanderbilt. "Now GET OUT while we tell everyone how we are rescuing you from an unsafe space (which we are charging thousands of people money to visit while you pack). Trucks began to cut into freight rates. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt II. | Best Known as Horseman | Inherited $100,000,000 and Married Mrs. Smith Hollins McKim When Ellen French Divorced Him", "Vanderbilt Engagement; Miss Elsie French to Become Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt's Wife. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr. (October 20, 1877 - May 7, 1915) was a wealthy American businessman, and a member of the Vanderbilt family. On his death in 1877, the Commodore lefta fortune worth $100 million, which was more than the US government had in the bank and the equivalent to $1 in every $20 in circulation. As he spent his portion of the Vanderbilt fortune more than 1,000 workers labored on the house, gardens, and outbuildings. ''The main reason for smaller crowds today is off-track betting. Frederick maintained elaborate gardens on the estate, including a rose garden which held more than 2,000 rose bushes. Meeting near Holland House in London, the coaching group would take their vehicle for a one-day, two-day, or longer trip along chosen routes through several counties, going to prearranged inns and hotels along the routes. Vanderbilt, Alfred Gwynne, II Scope and Contents From the Collection: The Verley Archer Collection consists of materials relating to the Vanderbilt Family Reunion held in conjunction with the Centennial Celebration of Vanderbilt University, March 16-17, 1973. His courtships and marriages were regular staples of the newspaper society pages in those days, when the terms ''playboy'' and ''sportsman'' were in vogue. When his father died of a cerebral hemorrhage, Alfred was the primary inheritor of his $72 million estate, according to The Lusitania Resource. [3][6][7] Later that same year, on November 24, 1901, Elsie gave birth to their only child: William Henry Vanderbilt III (19011981), later governor of Rhode Island.[8][9]. 7 May 1915 (aged 37) At Sea. came from Bromo-Seltzer wealth, and his father, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, died after giving his life jacket to a woman on the . Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt died in the sinking of RMS Lusitania in 1915. History proved him right. He was sired by Polynesian and foaled by the mare Geisha, a daughter of Discovery, leading Vanderbilt to postulate this formula for success in breeding racers: ''Breed something to a Discovery mare.'' He attended the St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, and at Yale University . He died in the sinking of the RMS Lusitania. Alfred Vanderbilt will give a talk about the camp, the family's history, and show never-before seen photographs of some of its famous guests. While Woodlea was being built Margaret lived in another house on the property which had been completed several years earlier. And despite the spending, the next head of the family, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, continued to make the familys empire thrive, dutifully running the business with his brother, William. In March 1893, while Woodlea was still under construction, Shepard died suddenly. The house was designed to include 70,000 square feet of living space, with an exterior in the Italian Renaissance style. In May 2015, this moved to a much larger $422-million home designed by the architect of Londons Shard, Renzo Piano. The Vanderbilts really didnt fail in business. Still, he grasped changes that seemed likely to improve racing. While they did not have a formal lease, an arrangement with the Society that allowed them to keep living on the upper floor was once deemed mutually beneficial by a Preservation Society official. Newport Daily News. Wikimedia Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Alfred was the eldest son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II, and at the death of his father, he received the bulk of the estate, with his brothers Neily and Reginald receiving substantially smaller amounts. He was the leading money-winning owner in America in 1935 and 1953. Today, like the Marble House, its a museum. Size is not everything, of course. The ball cost a reported $3 million (almost $70 million in 2018). "A year-long study by a preservation architect and an engineer concluded that the ventilation, electrical, and plumbing systems, while completely safe for museum use, were dangerously outdated for residential use, putting the structure and collections at risk," this week's announcement said. Son. When his father, William Vanderbilt, died he inherited another $70 million. Marble House was a summer residence, during the rest of the year William had other residences from which to choose. After completing the seemingly requisite Newport Mansion, (Rough Point, just off the Cliff Walk), Frederick built Pine Tree Point, an Adirondack camp on Upper Saint Regis Lake. What he did would become harder because of what he did. His successors, variously, helped define the nothing succeeds likes excess mentality of the Gilded Age the flowering of a new American plutocracy at the end of the 19th and start of the 20th century. Alfred perished when Lusitania was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat on May Day, 1915. How much is Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt III worth? "She was inspired by the idea of noblesse obligeshe wanted to benefit all of Newport and get people to see the architectural glories of the centuryand by making the choice I feel she really did, without realizing it, lead to this situation where her family members are being tossed out. And Native Dancer, whose name was one of the lineage puns for which Vanderbilt was famous, was the prime example. 20 Oct 1877. After this point, Cornelius IIs descendants proved to be better spenders than earners and they also died young. The practice of spending the interest and dividends earned from investments, rather than the capital itself, is a well-established premise that the family simply ignored, treating their shares of the fortune as if it were a bottomless well until the well inevitably ran dry. In 1906 Margaret sold Woodlea to a New York businessman for the sum of $1.4 million, despite the property being valued at nearly $6 million. But they were tame compared to their successors: Corneliuss grandson, Cornelius Vanderbilt IV, married seven times and his first cousin, the fashion designer and writer Gloria Vanderbilt Cooper perhaps most famous for line of designer jeans has had four husbands, not to mention flings with the likes of Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra and Roald Dahl. British Library. His body was never found. ID: I048130 Name: Alfred Gwynne II VANDERBILT Sex: M Birth: 22 SEP 1912 in London, England Death: 12 NOV 1999. [1][37], In 1908, he donated $100,000 to build the Mary Street YMCA (today the Vanderbilt Hotel) in Newport, Rhode Island, in memory of his father Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843 1899). But Szpry, 67, won't be living there much longer. His siblings were Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt (1869-1874), William Henry Vanderbilt II (18701892), Cornelius "Neily" Vanderbilt III (18731942), Gertrude Vanderbilt (18751942), Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (18801925) and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (18861965). New Dorp, Richmond County (Staten Island), New York, USA Show Map. His wish was for the Vanderbilts to forge a dynasty. The duke got $2.5 million (now worth more than $70 million and used to renovate and landscape the grounds of family residence Blenheim Palace) and the Vanderbilts got a confirmed duchess on the books. But his zest for thoroughbred racing became diluted by his distress at the direction the sport was taking. ", "The Szpry family worked hard for many years to keep the third floor as safe and up to code as possible," she wrote on Facebook. CREATIVE. The move was a success, Caroline Astor welcomed Alva into the ranks of the elite. Vanderbilt was heavily involved with bringing the Grammys back to New York and the tall ships [2] to New York for the 500th anniversary of Columbus discovering America. . For onlookers this was the ultimate red carpet event. The same is true of the so-called summer cottages in Newport, Bar Harbor, and the Berkshires. [1], Vanderbilt was born in New York City, the third son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II (18431899) and Alice Claypoole Gwynne (18451934). ; Vanderbilt Divorce Splits the Colony Into Factions", "MRS. ANTONIO RUIZ A SUICIDE IN LONDON; Was Mentioned in Connection with the Divorce Case of Alfred G. Vanderbilt. Neilys brother later gave him another $6 million, which came in handy, because Graces spending was profligate. By 1870 he was the king of the railways and was building a new station in Manhattan Grand Central was born. Grace promptly had the entire interior gutted and rebuilt, at a cost of $500,000, which Neily could ill afford. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt died in the sinking of RMS Lusitania in 1915. When generations of Vanderbilts gathered in New York in 1994 to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, great-great-grandfather of Alfred Vanderbilt, he had already passed his 80th birthday but was still a calm, cool, handsome man surrounded by two centuries of history and by his children from three marriages: Wendy, Heidi, Alfred Jr., Victoria and Michael. Sie behielt den Besitz 39 Jahre lang und verbrachte hier bis zum Jahre 1954 die . With 14,000 cubic metres of marble its highlights include a grand staircase in yellow Siena marble, modelled on that of Petit Trianon (Marie Antoinettes private sanctuary), the Gold Ballroom and a dining room with a Pink Numidian marble fireplace inspired the one in Salon dHercule at Versailles. Other amenities included a tennis court, a croquet lawn, a 100,000 gallon reservoir, and a working farm. Vanderbilt Family Cemetery and Mausoleum. Its just the way things are done. In short, just like the railways they managed, they ran out of puff. He and Alice built the most famous of Newport's mansions, The Breakers. The costs of maintaining such lavish structures and supporting the staff required to operate and maintain them were simply too prohibitive to allow them to remain private residences. The Vanderbilt Dress is up for auction, it starts at 100K and sealed bid. ''Horse racing once was a contest, a sport. His Manhattan home on Fifth Avenue was known as Petit Chateau, built in the French Renaissance style, and featured a sixty-foot Grand Hall leading from the main entry into the home, of stone which was detailed in carvings and bas relief. The staffing increased when the various Vanderbilts were in residence. His older half-brother, William Henry Vanderbilt III (1901-1981), was governor of Rhode Island from 1938 to 1940. I don't go to the races because I just love horses. He reigned as the champion 2-year-old colt in 1952, champion 3-year-old colt in 1953 and Horse of the Year in 1954. Vanderbilt has organized Vanderbilt family reunions [3] and lectures about the Vanderbilts. For sheer, improbable ostentation, look no further than the Marble House in Newport, Rhode Island. Vanderbilt was heavily involved with bringing the Grammys back to New York and the tall ships to New York for the 500th anniversary of Columbus discovering America. Ruiz's Name in Case Nothing In the Papers Referring to Alimony or Any Financial Arrangement", "SOCIAL WAR AT NEWPORT. She said that the Szprys "did not agree to move out" and "were given a deadline and a legal ultimatum" (neither of her cousins has children, so it seems likely that the arrangement would have ended upon their deaths). And racing was still his passion when he was 84 and his 2-year-old colt Traitor came out of nowhere to win the Belmont Futurity. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt III (born December 20, 1949) [1] is a retired public relations executive. He was raised in Norwalk, Connecticut, and attended school in New Canaan, Connecticut, and later graduated from the esteemed 'St. Paul's School,' Concord, New Hampshire. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, Sr. (October 20, 1877 - May 7, 1915) was an extremely wealthy sportsman and a member of the famous Vanderbilt family of philanthropists. This got Vanderbilt into steamboats the new technology of the day. It has operated as a museum ever since. It's appalling.". He left 95% of his vast estate to his son William and Williams four sons. [3][10] In the late 19th century, he and a number of other millionaires, such as James Hazen Hyde practiced the old English coaching techniques of the early 19th century. Vanderbilt would frequently drive the coach, in perfectly appareled suit, a coachman or groom. Image by Everett/REX/Shutterstock. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, the elegant symbol of the sportsman in high society when he was the impresario of horse racing and the pillar of one of the most aristocratic families in America, died yesterday at his home in Mill Neck, N.Y. The core of the fortune shrunk, reducing its earning power. He became president of Pimlico in Baltimore in 1932 when he was 20 years old, and he revived interest in the Preakness, the second race in the Triple Crown series. [5], On January 11, 1901, Vanderbilt married Ellen ("Elsie") Tuck French, in Newport, Rhode Island. The difficulty in becoming an American aristocrat is you have to keep proving that youre aristocratic and youre a dominant business figure. He was president of the Westchester Racing Association, which operated Belmont Park before the New York Racing Association was incorporated in 1955, and for four years starting in 1971 served as chairman of the board of the N.Y.R.A. In the 1953 Kentucky Derby, now considered one of the dramatic upsets in racing history, Native Dancer was bumped at the first turn, lost several lengths, made a gallant stretch drive under Eric Guerin and was beaten by a head by Cain Hoy Stable's Dark Star. Their New York home was part of the Vanderbilt row of mansions on Fifth Avenue. He began, despite his social and financial status, as a clerk in order to learn all aspects of the business. Eventually, Neilys mother grew to grudgingly accept her daughter-in-law to the point where she began to provide some financial assistance, largely to prevent the Vanderbilt name the shame of indebtedness. When Cornelius II died in 1899, of complications from a stroke which he suffered three years earlier, he left his widow, Alice Vanderbilt, a trust fund of $250,000 to operate and maintain the two homes. As documented by Geneanet, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt was the third son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II and the grandson of Billy Vanderbilt. His younger brother George Washington Vanderbilt III (1914-1961) was a yachtsman and explorer. Vanderbilt started a Rock n Roll band called The Four Fifths in 1965. Work has been taken "to ensure no irreversible alteration to the landscape occurs, no historic fabric is lost and the historic viewsheds both inside and outside the grounds are preserved.". Indeed Gloria, whose son is CNN anchor Anderson Cooper, was also the subject of a scandalous legal battle in 1934 when her paternal aunt, Gertrude, fought her mother also named Gloria for custody of her niece, who was at nine was already an heiress. [28], After Alfred's death aboard the Lusitania in 1915, Margaret bought a 316-acre estate in Lenox, Massachusetts, with a 47-room mansion. He also introduced the photo-finish camera, ending the era when close races often resulted in incorrect calls or dead heats. Subsequently, he was chosen a director in other companies as well, among them the Fulton Chain Railway Company, Fulton Navigation Company, Raquette Lake Railway Company, Raquette Lake Transportation Company, and the Plaza Bank of New York. Some say the move is payback for their. [42] His body was never recovered.[43][44][45]. [citation needed], Vanderbilt was a good judge of real estate values and projected several important enterprises. In 1865, Cornelius Vanderbilt was the world's richest man, with a net worth of $75 billion in today's money Wikimedia. The Sinking of the Lusitania, by Diane Preston, Smithsonian Magazine, May 2002, The Nineteenth Hole: Architecture of the Golf Clubhouse, by Richard Diedrich, 2008, Commodore Vanderbilt and his family: a biographical account of the Descendants of Cornelius and Sophia Johnson Vanderbilt, by Dorothy Kelly McDowell, 1989, Are the Vanderbilt Heirs Being Forced Out of the Breakers?, by SAM DANGREMOND, Town & Country, JAN 18, 2018, Commodore Vanderbilt and his family: a biographical account of the Descendants of Cornelius and Sophia Johnson Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt Heirs Are Moving Out of the Breakers, Szchenyi's daughter, Countess Anthony Szpry, former Preservation Society trustee Ron Fleming, bought the Breakers from her heirs for $366,475, It will be helpful to us to be able to tell our visitors that the original owners' great-grandchildren continue to live in the house, stood outside the Breakers to protest the center, the non-profit says it considered and ultimately rejected, broke ground on the building, which will include indoor ticketing and food services, We have always believed in the unique merits of the Breakers Welcome Center. So-Called summer cottages in Newport, Bar Harbor, and a working farm the fortune shrunk, reducing its power... Son William and Williams four sons grandson of Billy Vanderbilt would inherit $ 1,180,098.18 house-warming party, governor! Terms of his vast estate to his son William and Williams four.... At the direction the sport was taking in 2018 ) Rhode Island younger brother Washington... 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Third son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II and the Berkshires $ 3 million ( almost $ 70 in. He began, despite his SOCIAL and Financial status, as a gift the largest private residence built! Ruiz 's name in Case Nothing in the sinking of RMS Lusitania memorial was erected on the of... Of Pimlico in 1938 and promptly brought together Seabiscuit and War Admiral for the Vanderbilts had promised the mother. And sunk by a German U-boat on May Day alfred gwynne vanderbilt iii net worth 1915 to his son William and Williams four.... Which held more than 2,000 rose bushes ] and lectures about the Vanderbilts would harder. Life jacket to a much larger $ 422-million home designed by the of. Gallon reservoir, and a working farm dominant business figure than 1,000 workers labored on the grounds the. Auction, it starts at 100K and sealed bid and projected several enterprises... 316 acres first thing that 'll go with it is horse racing..! The National Historic landmark x27 ; s mansions, the Breakers in his forties from failure... Judge of real estate values and projected several important enterprises Vanderbilt b: 1884 the same is of...
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